Bladder cancer is a typical type of cancer that develops in the cells of the bladder. Urine is stored a hollow muscular organ in lower andomen organ called the bladder.

This cancer typically starts in the cells (urothelial cells) that line the lining of your bladder. The urothelial cells are in your kidneys as well as the ureters that connect them with your bladder.. Despite the fact that it can also develop in the kidneys and ureter, bladder urothelial carcinoma is much more common. Most cases of bladder cancer found when they are still treatable enough, or in their early stages. However, even early-stage bladder tumors might recur following a curative regimen. As a result, patients with bladder cancer frequently need to have follow-up exams for years after treatment to look for bladder cancer that returns.

Symptoms

Bladder cancer symptoms and signs might include:

• Sometimes when urine seems normal but a laboratory test reveals blood, this condition is known as hematuria. Hematuria can make the urine appear bright red or cola-colored.
• Often urinating
• Unpleasant urination
• Back ache

Causes

Bladder cancer spreads when the DNA of bladder cells changes (mutates). A cell’s DNA contains instructions that direct the cell’s actions. When compared to how healthy cells would behave, the modifications tell the cell to multiply swiftly and to stay alive. A tumor created by the aberrant cells can penetrate and obliterate healthy body tissue. The abnormal cells have the potential to separate and spread (metastasize) throughout the body over time.

Types of Bladder Cancer

Your bladder contains a variety of cell types, some of which are malignant. The type of this cancer depends on the type of bladder cell where the disease first develops. These details help doctors decide which therapy might be most effective for you.

Types of bladder cancer include:

• Unicellular cancer: Urothelial carcinoma, formerly known as transitional cell carcinoma, can develop in the cells that line the interior of the bladder. When your bladder is full, urothelial cells enlarge; when it is empty, they contract. Cancer can develop in the lining of the ureters and urethra.
• Carcinoma of the squamous cell:  Chronic irritation of the bladder, such as that caused by an infection or by prolonged use of a urinary catheter, is linked to squamous cell carcinoma. It occurs more frequently in regions of the world where schistosomiasis, a particular parasitic infection, is a frequent cause of bladder infections.
• Adenocarcinoma: The cells that make up the bladder’s mucus-secreting glands are where adenocarcinoma develops. Bladder adenocarcinoma is quite uncommon.

Multiple cell types can be present in some bladder tumors.

Risk Elements

• Smoking: Smoking cigarettes, cigars, or pipes can raise your risk of bladder cancer by causing your urine to become accumulated with dangerous chemicals. Your body breaks down the chemicals in cigarette smoke and excretes some of them in urine. Your bladder’s lining could become harmed by these dangerous chemicals, raising your risk of developing cancer.
• Advancing Years: The risk of this cancer rises with age. While bladder cancer can affect anyone at any age, the majority of cases occur in people over the age of 55.
• Exposed to Specific Chemicals: Filtering dangerous substances from bloodstream and transferring them to bladder is a crucial function of kidneys, resulting certain chemicals may increase the risk of this cancer. Arsenic and chemicals used in the production of dyes, rubber, leather, textiles, and paint products are among the substances related to a higher risk of this cancer.
• Prior Cancer Therapy: The risk of this cancer also increase by chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide.
• Bladder Irritation Over Time: Squamous cell bladder cancer risk may increased by persistent or chronic urinary infections or inflammations (cystitis), such as those that may result from long-term use of a urinary catheter. In some parts of the world, schistosomiasis, a parasite illness, is associated with chronic bladder inflammation and squamous cell cancer.
• Cancer in One’s Family or Personal History: You are more prone to develop this cancer again if you have already had it. Although it is uncommon for this cancer to run in families, if one of your blood relatives—a parent, sibling, or child—has a history of the condition, you may have an elevated risk of developing it. Lynch syndrome, also known as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), runs in families and can raise one’s risk. The possibility of developing cancer of the urinary system, colon, uterus, ovaries, and other organs.

Prevention

Although there is no certain way to avoid bladder cancer, there are things you may take to lower your risk. For example:

• Avoid smoking: Stop smoking if you don’t already. Consult your doctor about a strategy to help you stop smoking if you do. You may be able to quit using support groups, medication, and other strategies.
• Be cautious when around chemicals: Follow all safety recommendations if you operate with chemicals to prevent exposure.
• A variety of fruits and vegetables should be chosen: Pick a diet high in a diversity of fruit and vegetable colors. Antioxidants found in fruits and vegetables may lower your risk of developing cancer.